ASTM B781-1993a(2006) 银镉氧化接触材料标准指南
时间:2024-05-15 20:28:23 来源: 标准资料网 作者：标准资料网 阅读：8190
【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforSilver-CadmiumOxideContactMaterial
【原文标准名称】:银镉氧化接触材料标准指南
【标准号】:ASTMB781-1993a(2006)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1993
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:B02.05
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:氧化物;镉;银;电触点;金属;触点;材料
【英文主题词】:cadmiumoxide;cadmium;contacts;internaloxidation;powdermetallurgy;silver-cadmiumoxide;silver;wrought
【摘要】:Silver-cadmiumoxideisapopularcontactmaterialthathasbeenusedinawiderangeofapplicationsinswitches,relaysandcontactorsforswitchinglamps,motorsandresistiveloads.Silver-cadmiumoxideisacompositematerialconsistingofametalmatrix,silver,withametaloxide,cadmiumoxide,dispersedthroughoutthematrix.Compositionsofupto30%cadmiumaremade,butmostapplicationsusesilver-cadmiumoxideintherangeof10to15%cadmiumoxidebyweight.Severaldifferentprocessesareusedformanufacturingsilver-cadmiumoxidematerialanditshouldbeunderstoodthatthemanufacturingmethodhasaninfluenceonthepropertiesofthematerialsuchasarcerosionresistance,weldingresistance,arcmobilityandcontactresistance.Sincetheperformanceofcontactsinadeviceisdependentonnumerousfactorsoutsidethecontactitself(openingspeed,closingspeed,contactpressure,contactbounceandmanymoredeviceparameters),theguidecannotensureperformanceinspecificapplications.Arcerosionresistanceandweldingresistanceareimprovedbytheadditionofcadmiumoxidetothesilvermatrix.Thecontactresistanceisraisedbythisadditionbutstillislow.Cadmiumoxideandsilverdonotalloysothesilvermatrixretainsitshighconductivity.Silver-cadmiumoxidecontactsareusedincurrentrangesofafewamperestoseveralhundredamperes.Silver-cadmiumoxidecontactmaterialisavailableaswire,silver-cladwire,sheet,strip,toplay,inlayandoverlaysheetorstrip,discretecontactparts,brazedcontactassemblies,solidandcompositerivetcontactsandcladcontacttapes.Materialswithhighercadmiumoxidecontentshavelowermaterialcostsbutmayhavehigherprocessingcostsduetolowerformability.1.1Thisguideprovidesguidelinesforusersandmanufacturersofsilver-cadmiumoxidematerialproducedinstrip,rod,wire,andpartformforelectricalcontactapplications.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.ItistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtobecomefamiliarwithallhazardsincludingthoseidentifiedintheappropriateMaterialSafetyDataSheet(MSDS)forthisproduct/materialasprovidedbythemanufacturer,toestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpractices,anddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:H62
【国际标准分类号】:77_150_70
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】:
【英文标准名称】:TestingNonwovenFabrics
【原文标准名称】:无纺织物试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD1117-1997
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1997
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:无纺织织物;布;试验;纺织试验;纺织材料
【英文主题词】:textiles;cloth;non-wovenfabrics;textiletesting;testing
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:W04
【国际标准分类号】:59_080_30
【页数】:
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:TestMethodforConstantAmplitudeofForceControlledFatigueTestingofAcrylicBoneCementMaterials
【原文标准名称】:聚丙烯骨用水泥材料力控疲劳试验的恒定幅值的试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMF2118-2003
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2003
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:F04.15
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:水泥;疲劳试验;医疗技术学;试验方法;外科学;聚丙烯晴材料
【英文主题词】:acrylicbonecement;fatigue;fatiguestrength
【摘要】:Thistestmethoddescribesauniaxial,constantamplitude,fullyreversedfatiguetesttocharacterizethefatigueperformanceofauniformcylindricalwaistedspecimenmanufacturedfromacrylicbonecement.Thistestmethodconsiderstwoapproachestoevaluatingthefatigueperformanceofbonecement:5.2.1Testingisconductedatthreestresslevelstocharacterizethegeneralfatiguebehaviorofacementoverarangeofstresses.ThestresslevelandresultantcyclestofailureofthespecimensareplottedonanS-Ndiagram.5.2.2Anotherapproachistodeterminethefatiguestrengthofaparticularcement.Thefatiguestrengthfororthopaedicbonecementistobedeterminedat5million(5x00D7;106)cycles.Thex201C;two-pointmethodx201D;isthespecifiedprocedureforconductingfatiguetestingtodeterminefatiguestrength[1].Thistestmethoddoesnotdefineorsuggestrequiredlevelsofperformanceofbonecement.Thisfatiguetestmethodisnotintendedtorepresenttheclinicaluseoforthopaedicbonecement,butrathertocharacterizethematerialusingstandardandwell-establishedmethods.Theuseriscautionedtoconsidertheappropriatenessofthistestmethodinviewofthematerialbeingtestedanditspotentialapplication.Itiswidelyreportedthatmultipleclinicalfactorsaffectthefatigueperformanceoforthopaedicbonecement;however,theactualmechanismsinvolvedarenotwellunderstood.Clinicalfactorswhichmayaffecttheperformanceofbonecementinclude:temperatureandhumidity,mixingmethod,timeofapplication,surgicaltechnique,bonepreparation,implantdesign,andpatientfactors,amongothers.Thistestmethoddoesnotspecificallyaddresstheseclinicalfactors.Thetestmethodcanbeusedtocomparedifferentacrylicbonecementformulationsandproductsanddifferentmixingmethodsandenvironments(thatis,mixingtemperature,vacuum,centrifugation,andsoforth).1.1Thisstandarddescribestestproceduresforevaluatingtheconstantamplitude,uniaxial,tension-compressionuniformfatigueperformanceofacrylicbonecementmaterials.1.2Thisstandardisrelevanttoorthopaedicbonecementsbasedonacrylicresins,asspecifiedinSpecificationF451.Theproceduresinthisguidemayormaynotapplytoothersurgicalcementmaterials.1.3Itisnottheintentionofthisstandardtodefinelevelsofperformanceofthesematerials.Furthermore,itisnottheintentionofthisstandardtodirectlysimulatetheclinicaluseofthesematerials.1.4ArationaleisgiveninAppendixX1.1.5ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.1.6Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcernsassociatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoconsultandestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:Q11
【国际标准分类号】:91_100_10
【页数】:8P.;A4
【正文语种】: